Ao Proximal Humerus Fracture Classification

It is divided into 3 categories based on the severity of injury and likelihood of avascular necrosis of the humeral.

Ao proximal humerus fracture classification. All groups are divided into three subgroups based on the degree of displacement, impaction, or dislocation, resulting in a total of 27 subgroups. The AO group has developed a comprehensive classification of. The partial articular type does not exist in the humerus or femur.

Surgical treatment may be indicated in more complex and displaced fractures. Risk factors include osteoporosis and diabetes. The AO classification proved to be more comprehensive because in the Neer classification, half of the fractures are minimally displaced and almost nine-tenths fall into only three categories.

A humerus fracture is a break of the humerus bone in the upper arm. They are based on assessment of two or three perpendicular preoperative radiographs. Surgical neck, anatomic neck, lesser tuberosity or greater tuberosity.

Any fracture pattern with less than 1 cm displacement. The classification proposed by Neer16 remains the standard for the evaluation and discussion of these injuries. Proximal humerus fractures are common fractures often seen in older patients with osteoporotic bone following a simple ground-level fall on an outstretched arm.

It considers the presence of displacement or angulation of each of the four major segments of the proximal humerus:. Diagnosis is generally based on X-rays or CT. The most frequently used classification systems for proximal humeral fractures are the Neer classification (Figure .3) and the AO classification (Figure .4).

Based on AO classification, the proximal end of the humerus is delineated by a square with its lateral side equal to the maximum width of the epiphysis. 25 This will increase the demands on health providers further, and some suggest that society faces an epidemic of fractures in the elderly. Overall, the OTA/AO classification system for proximal humeral fractures has nine groups (11-A1/2/3, 11-B1/2/3, 11-C1/2/3).

Any classification for pediatric fractures must be applicable for all fractures and recognize the importance of growth through the epiphyseal plate. A simpler modified Neer system using only six fracture types is described by Bernstein but is not in common use 7. AO Davos Courses.

The Neer system divides the proximal humerus into four parts and considers not the fracture line, but the displacement as being significant in terms of classification. AO/OTA Fracture and Dislocation Classification Long-bone Fractures 41B Partial articular 41B1 Split 41B2 Depression. 50 These fractures can cause prolonged and severe disability and often are underestimated when compared with hip fractures.

The AO classification system for proximal humeral fractures is not commonly used. Surgical neck, anatomic neck, lesser tuberosity or greater tuberosity. There was a tendency toward higher risk of nonunion in proximal third humeral shaft fractures.

AO Trauma Course - Principles in Operative Fracture Management Lecturer:. Diaphysis/Epiphysis A - Simple extra-articicular (1-spiral, 2-oblique, 3-transverse) B - Segmental partial-articular C - Comminuted articular. The aim of this study was to test the null hypothesis that interobserver reliability of the AO classification of proximal humeral fractures, the preferred treatment, and fracture characteristics is the same for two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) computed tomography (CT).

Proximal humeral fractures are common osteoporotic fractures .The Neer and the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) classification are frequently used for classification 2, 3.Epidemiological studies have reported an overall increase in the incidence of proximal humeral fractures from 1970 to 07 4–6.However, little is known about the association between. The humeral head, the greater. Type I - incomplete fracture where Rogers’ line still intersects the capitellum AND in the AP view there is no more than 2 mm valgus/varus fracture gap.

AO Trauma Masters Course - Current Concpets Lecturer:. Proximal humeral fractures - newer methods and results. They are classified according to their location as proximal, humeral shaft, or distal fractures.

11-E/8.1 Intraarticular flake fracture 2 Radius/Ulna 3 Femur “Research into the healing patterns of pediatric fractures assumes a common language that must be the prerequisite for comprehensive documentation as the basis for treatment and research”. Drawing of the pathoanatomy of proximal humeral fractures. Fragments must be displaced by 1 cm.

Jupiter Classification of Bado II Montaggia Fractures. They explain the specific problems of reduction and fixation. Overall, the OTA/AO classification system for proximal humeral fractures has nine groups (11-A1/2/3, 11-B1/2/3, 11-C1/2/3).

1 - Humerus 2 - Radius/Ulna 3 - Femur 4 - Tibia/Fibula-1,2,3 = Proximal, diaphysis, distal. The AO coding of a proximal humerus fracture is “ 1 1,” and is further divided into three categories based on the severity of injury:. AO Classification of Proximal Humeral Fractures.

Our services and resources;. Stable fixation, especially in severe joint fractures, should therefore be achieved. Bado Classification of Monteggia fractures;.

Extra-articular unifocal (either tuberosity +/- surgical neck of the humerus ) A1:. The cause of a humerus fracture is usually physical trauma such as a fall. AO Surgery Reference is a resource for the management of fractures, based on current clinical principles, practices and available evidence.

Proximal humeral fractures account for 4–5 % of all fractures, with the higher incidence in women. Notice the predictable displacement caused by deforming muscle insertions. "AO" is an initialism for the German "Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen", the predecessor of the AO Foundation.

Fracture displacement is codified into types, at the distal humerus and the proximal radius. A mid-shaft humerus fracture is a break in the middle of your humerus. AO/OTA Classification of Distal Humeral Fractures;.

Complications may include injury to an artery or nerve, and compartment syndrome. Sling immobilization is the treatment for the majority of these fractures. Proximal Third Humeral Shaft Fractures -- A Fracture Entity Not Fully Characterized by Conventional AO Classification There is clear evidence of specific characteristics which differentiate proximal third humeral shaft fractures from those of midshaft and distal third.

Join from wherever you are in the world. News trends on AO/OTA Classification of Distal Humeral Fractures. Be alerted to news on AO/OTA Classification of Distal Humeral Fractures.

27 The incidence is increasing, along with an increasing tendency to more severe fractures.8, 12, 18 The management of these often debilitating injuries is based on various fracture classification systems.16, 18. Commentary Blogs on AO/OTA Classification of Distal Humeral Fractures. Patients may present with localized pain, swelling, and deformities.

Proximal Humerus Fracture Classifications A1:. A proximal humerus fracture is a break of the upper part of the bone of the arm (). Extra-articular unifocal fracture :.

Proximal humerus fractures commonly occur in the elderly, while distal supracondylar fractures are the most common type of fracture in the pediatric population. Hip periprosthetic fracture module is now online. The four parts are the humeral head, the greater tuberosity, the lesser tuberosity and the humeral shaft.

A number of classification systems of the proximal humerus are described in the literature, with the Neer and Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragenbeing (AO) the most widely used 5,6. Proximal Humeral Fractures - Nonoperative Care And When It Is Appropriate. Join from wherever you are in the world.

Reclassification of the same fractures was undertaken after a 6-month interval, and interobserver and intraobserver correlation, by use of the κ. Despite their widespread use, these systems are variable in both reliability and accuracy. Hip periprosthetic fracture module is now online.

The rates of AVN of the humeral head were determined clinically and radiographically. The classification of proximal humeral fractures with both the Neer and the AO systems remains difficult with minimal improvements seen when reducing the number of categories in each. Classifications of Coronoid Process Fractures;.

Humerus fractures can result from direct or indirect trauma. In the latest version of the AO/OTA classification 14 it is stated that type B type fractures represent three-part fractures, or fracture-dislocations by the Neer classification. This retrospective study included 30 patients with a mean age of 63 ± 14 years with dislocation fractures of the proximal humerus type or C3 according the AO/OTA classification.

Humerus 11 Proximal end segment 2R1 Proximal end segment. The AO classification of clavicular fractures along with the Neer classification system is one of the more frequently used classification systems when assessing distal clavicular fractures. Simple proximal humeral fractures involving one tuberosity or the metaphysis (unifocal or Neer 2-part fractures) and proximal femoral fractures involving the trochanteric area are type A;.

Complications may include axillary nerve or axillary artery injury. AO Davos Courses. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and a decreased ability to move the shoulder.

Fracture and Dislocation. Regardless of the imaging performed, the number of displaced fragments should be assessed, to enable appropriate classification of the fracture (Neer classification or AO classification are most commonly used). Your voice Feedback and feature suggestions.

The Müller AO Classification of fractures is a system for classifying bone fractures initially published in 1987 by the AO Foundation as a method of categorizing injuries according to therognosis of the patient's anatomical and functional outcome. Books on AO/OTA Classification of Distal Humeral Fractures. Proximal humerus fracture rates will continue to increase with the aging population 5-7,58 and the concomitant rise in osteoporosis.

However, we found that type B patterns could also appear as Neer 1- and 2-part fractures. All groups are divided into three subgroups based on the degree of displacement, impaction, or dislocation, resulting in a total of 27 subgroups. There was no correlation between AO/OTA fracture classification or fracture location and union status.

Fractures of the proximal humerus were examined with anteroposterior, lateral, and axillary radiographs. The fracture is usually evident as a lucency and cortical breach with variable degrees of angulation, impaction and displacement. In the AO classification, the B1.1, .2, A3.2 and A1.2 sub-groups comprise over half of all proximal humeral fractures, while the AO type C fractures occur in only 6%.

Indications according to the different fracture types using the AO-Classification and the fixation techniques, are described for proximal, shaft and distal humeral fractures. However, other factors, such as osteoporotic bone, associated soft tissue injury and the patient's overall health and motivation, will also influence treatment choices and outcome. AO classification of proximal humeral fractures type A:.

Three independent reviewers classified the fractures using the AO, Neer, and HGLS systems. We help you diagnose your Proximal humerus case and provide detailed descriptions of how to manage this and hundreds of other pathologies. The AO spine classification of thoracolumbar injuries is one of the more commonly used thoracolumbar spinal fracture classification systems and aims to simplify and universalise the process of classifying spinal injuries and improve interobserver and intraobserver reliability 3.

A proximal humerus fracture is a break in the upper part of your humerus near your shoulder. Fracture and Dislocation Classification Compendium (Meinberg E, Agel J, Roberts C, et al. Gr tuberosity avulsion :.

Distal humeral fracture displacements are coded as types I-IV, as illustrated:. Extra-articular unifocal fracture with impacted metaphyseal fracture A3:. Ideally, a fracture classification system should act as a guide to treatment, like the Neer classification or the AO system for proximal or diaphyseal humeral fractures.

Frykman Classification of Distal Radial Fractures;. Theddy Slongo, 07 AO Pediatric Comprehensive Classification of Long-Bone Fractures (PCCF). The classification system, broken into three categories focuses on the displacement and pattern of the fracture and the integrity of the coracoclavicular ligaments.

The incidence of proximal humeral fractures is reported to be 6% per 10,000 fractures, with approximately 15% of these being complex 3-part and 4-part fractures. We help you diagnose your Humeral shaft case and provide detailed descriptions of how to manage this and hundreds of other pathologies. To address these needs, the validated AO Pediatric Comprehensive Classification of Long Bone Fractures (PCCF)1 was introduced to the AO/OTA Compendium of Fractures and Dislocations in 07.

News AO/OTA Classification of Distal Humeral Fractures in the news. There may be a decreased ability to move the arm and the person may present holding their elbow. We aimed to, a) assess and compare the reliability of the Neer (complete and abbreviated versions) and Arbeitsgemeinschaft für.

Several classifications for proximal humeral fractures exist, with excellent reliability and reproducibility of such classifications being a desirable feature. Unlike the other widely used system, the thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score (TLICS) 1, the AO. The cause is generally a fall onto the arm or direct trauma to the arm.

Mason-Johnston Classification of Radial Head Fractures;.